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1 SamuelChapter 19

Commentary on the chapter (in Russian)

Начало открытого преследования Давида Саулом. - Бегство Давида в Раму, к пророку Самуилу.

1Saul spoke to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, Saul's son, delighted much in David.

Commentary, v. 1 (in Russian)

. Потеряв надежду погубить Давида тайно, Саул сбрасывает с себя личину последнего самообладания и открыто заявляет придворным о своих чувствах и намерениях в отношении сына Иессеева.

2Jonathan told David, saying, "Saul my father seeks to kill you. Now therefore, please take care of yourself in the morning, and live in a secret place, and hide yourself.

3I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will talk with my father about you; and if I see anything, I will tell you."

Commentary, v. 3 (in Russian)

. На поле, пользуясь благодушием царя во время прогулки.

4Jonathan spoke good of David to Saul his father, and said to him, "Do not let the king sin against his servant, against David; because he has not sinned against you, and because his works have been very good toward you;

5for he put his life in his hand, and struck the Philistine, and the Lord worked a great victory for all Israel. You saw it, and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against innocent blood, to kill David without a cause?"

6Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan: and Saul swore, "As the Lord lives, he shall not be put to death."

7Jonathan called David, and Jonathan showed him all those things. Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as before.

Commentary, vv. 6–7 (in Russian)

. Наружно Саул не мог не согласиться с разумными доводами Ионафана, но в душе, конечно, оставался по-прежнему нерасположенным к Давиду.

8There was war again. David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and killed them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him.

9An evil spirit from the Lord was on Saul, as he sat in his house with his spear in his hand; and David was playing with his hand.

10Saul sought to pin David even to the wall with the spear; but he slipped away out of Saul's presence, and he stuck the spear into the wall. David fled, and escaped that night.

11Saul sent messengers to David's house, to watch him, and to kill him in the morning. Michal, David's wife, told him, saying, "If you do not save your life tonight, tomorrow you will be killed."

12So Michal let David down through the window. He went, fled, and escaped.

13Michal took the teraphim, and laid it in the bed, and put a pillow of goats' hair at its head, and covered it with the clothes.

14When Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, "He is sick."

15Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, "Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him."

16When the messengers came in, behold, the teraphim was in the bed, with the pillow of goats' hair at its head.

17Saul said to Michal, "Why have you deceived me thus, and let my enemy go, so that he is escaped?" Michal answered Saul, "He said to me, 'Let me go! Why should I kill you?'"

18Now David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. He and Samuel went and lived in Naioth.

19It was told Saul, saying, "Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah."

Commentary, v. 19 (in Russian)

. В Навафе, в Раме, (см. прим. к 5 ст. X гл. ). "Наваф" переводится обыкновенно как собственное имя и, вероятно, действительно употреблялось как собственное имя; но оно, по всем признакам, заключает в себе нарицательное понятие, соответствующее тому, что у нас называется "общежитием"; некоторые толкователи слово "Наваф" переводят "пастушеский дом, гостиница", а халдейский переводчик - "дом учения". Имея ввиду, что в Навафе был сонм пророков, можно думать, что Наваф был общежитием, питомником, "seminarium'oм" сынов пророческих в Раме Самуиловой (Я. Богородский, "Еврейские цари", с. 92-93, прим. ).

20Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as head over them, the Spirit of God came on the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied.

21When it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they also prophesied. Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they also prophesied.

22Then went he also to Ramah, and came to the great well that is in Secu: and he asked, "Where are Samuel and David?" One said, "Behold, they are at Naioth in Ramah."

23He went there to Naioth in Ramah. Then the Spirit of God came on him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to Naioth in Ramah.

24He also stripped off his clothes, and he also prophesied before Samuel, and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Therefore they say, "Is Saul also among the prophets?"

Commentary, vv. 20–24 (in Russian)

. И они стали пророчествовать. См. прим. к X:5. Нет ничего невозможного в том предположении, что посланные взять Давида, всей душой принадлежали несправедливо гонимому победителю филистимлян и, быть может, немало мучились внутри себя, исполняя долг повиновения Саулу. "И вот, они приходят в Раму. Со свойственным еврею чувством благоговения, смешанного со страхом, подходят к таинственному жилищу пророков, и глазам их представляется поразительное зрелище: множество мужей и юношей, с маститым старцем во главе, в торжественной позе, с вдохновленным взором, могучим, но согласным голосом поют возвышенные гимны, прославляющие величие и чудные дела Иеговы. Глубоко пораженные воины невольно останавливаются, вспоминают о деле, за которым пришли, и ими овладевает благоговейный ужас. С поразительной ясностью они видят всю неестественность, всю греховность дела, за которым явились. С сильным волнением они начали сообщать друг другу свои мысли и чувства, прославлять подвиги и благочестие Давида и в конце концов до того воодушевились, что стали верить, насколько умели, могучему хору пророков" (Я. Богородский, "Еврейские цари", с. 95-96). Обаяние сонма пророков было настолько велико, что его не избежал и сам Саул (23-24 ст., ср. X:10-13).

Text: New Heart English Bible. Commentary: The Explanatory Bible, ed. A. P. Lopukhin (in Russian).