1 SamuelChapter 22

Commentary on the chapter (in Russian)

Пребывание Давида в пещере Адоллам, в Массифе моавитской, и в лесу Xерет.

1David therefore departed there, and escaped to the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and all his father's house heard it, they went down there to him.

Commentary, v. 1 (in Russian)

. Адоллам - между Гефом и Вифлеемом, в пустынной части Иудиных гор. И пришли к нему туда, считая свое вифлеемское жилище не вполне безопасным от гнева исступленного Саула. Саул мог захватить семейство Давида в качестве заложников, чтобы тем самым принудить своего мнимого врага к добровольной сдаче.

2Everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented, gathered themselves to him; and he became captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.

Commentary, v. 2 (in Russian)

. И собрались к нему все несправедливо притесненные сильнейшими их; все должники, в конец истощенные своими неумолимыми кредиторами и не нашедшие суда над ними; все огорченные душею, т. е. пострадавшие от того грубого произвола и неурядицы, которые царили в пределах монархии больного Саула.

3David went there to Mizpeh of Moab, and he said to the king of Moab, "Please let my father and my mother come out with you, until I know what God will do for me."

Commentary, v. 3 (in Russian)

. Массифа Моавитская - в южных пределах земли моавитян.

Пусть отец мой и мать моя побудут у вас. Несомненно, что в пределах Еврейского царства безопасность семьи Давида не могла быть гарантирована так прочно, как за пределами этого царства. Притом же присутствие в дружине Давида преклонных родителей последнего могло бы оказаться, в конце концов, стеснительным для быстрых переходов и решительных действий дружины.

4He brought them before the king of Moab; and they lived with him all the while that David was in the stronghold.

5The prophet Gad said to David, "Do not stay in the stronghold. Depart, and go into the land of Judah." Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hereth.

Commentary, v. 5 (in Russian)

. Не оставайся в этом убежище. "Водимый Богом ум пророков находил, что Давиду не следовало оставаться долгое время в зависимом общении с соседними языческими царями и жить вдали от своего народа, не принимая никакого деятельного участия в его судьбах" (Я. Богородский, "Еврейские цари", с 102).

Местность: Лес Xерет, Зиф, Маон, Энгадди - в промежутке между Xевроном и Мертвым морем.

6Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men who were with him. Now Saul was sitting in Gibeah, under the tamarisk tree in Ramah, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him.

7Saul said to his servants who stood about him, "Hear now, you Benjamites! Will the son of Jesse give everyone of you fields and vineyards, will he make you all captains of thousands and captains of hundreds,

8that all of you have conspired against me, and there is none who discloses to me when my son makes a treaty with the son of Jesse, and there is none of you who is sorry for me, or discloses to me that my son has stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?"

Commentary, v. 8 (in Russian)

. Строить мне ковы. В больном воображении царя действия Давида получают вид широко организованной вооруженной агитации против Саула.

9Then Doeg the Edomite, who stood by the servants of Saul, answered and said, "I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub.

Commentary, v. 9 (in Russian)

. См. XXI:7.

10He inquired of the Lord for him, gave him food, and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine."

Commentary, v. 10 (in Russian)

. И тот вопросил о нем Господа - через посредство святыни Господней первосвященнического нагрудника. В XXI главе об этом действии Ахимелеха не упоминается: достоверность показания Давида не стоит, однако, в противоречии с дальнейшими показаниями и самого первосвященника: "Разве теперь только я стал вопрошать для него Бога?" (12-15 ст. ).

11Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father's house, the priests who were in Nob: and they came all of them to the king.

12Saul said, "Hear now, you son of Ahitub." He answered, "Here I am, my lord."

13Saul said to him, "Why have you conspired against me, you and the son of Jesse, in that you have given him bread, and a sword, and have inquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?"

14Then Ahimelech answered the king, and said, "Who among all your servants is so faithful as David, who is the king's son-in-law, and is taken into your council, and is honorable in your house?

15Have I today begun to inquire of God for him? Be it far from me! Do not let the king impute anything to his servant, nor to all the house of my father; for your servant knows nothing of all this, less or more."

16The king said, "You shall surely die, Ahimelech, you, and all your father's house."

17The king said to the guard who stood about him, "Turn, and kill the priests of the Lord; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew that he fled, and did not disclose it to me." But the servants of the king wouldn't put forth their hand to fall on the priests of the Lord.

18The king said to Doeg, "Turn and attack the priests!" Doeg the Edomite turned, and he attacked the priests, and he killed on that day eighty-five people who wore a linen ephod.

Commentary, v. 18 (in Russian)

. Носивших льняной ефод. См. прим. к II:18.

19He struck Nob, the city of the priests, with the edge of the sword, both men and women, children and nursing babies, and cattle and donkeys and sheep, with the edge of the sword.

20One of the sons of Ahimelech, the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David.

21Abiathar told David that Saul had slain the Lord's priests.

22David said to Abiathar, "I knew on that day, when Doeg the Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul. I am responsible for the death of all the persons of your father's house.

23Stay with me, do not be afraid; for he who seeks my life seeks your life. For with me you shall be in safeguard."

Commentary, vv. 20–23 (in Russian)

. Вместе с первосвященником в стан Давида был принесен и священный ефод (XXIII). В наиболее затруднительных случаях Давид мог пользоваться теперь откровениями благой и совершенной воли Господней, являемыми через посредство Его святыни.

Text: New Heart English Bible. Commentary: The Explanatory Bible, ed. A. P. Lopukhin (in Russian).