2 SamuelChapter 18
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Commentary on the chapter (in Russian)
1David numbered the people who were with him, and set captains of thousands and captains of hundreds over them.
2David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. The king said to the people, "I will surely go forth with you myself also."
Commentary, v. 2 (in Russian)
. И отправил Давид людей - в поход против Авессалома.
3But the people said, "You shall not go forth; for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us. But you are worth ten thousand of us. Therefore now it is better that you are ready to help us out of the city."
Commentary, v. 3 (in Russian)
. Заботясь о безопасности царя, военачальники имели в виде, вероятно, и то обстоятельство, что отец в войне с сыном не будет обладать хладнокровием, необходимым для руководителя сражения.
4The king said to them, "I will do what seems best to you." The king stood beside the gate, and all the people went out by hundreds and by thousands.
Commentary, v. 4 (in Russian)
. И стал царь у ворот города Маханаим.
5The king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying, "Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom." All the people heard when the king commanded all the captains concerning Absalom.
6So the people went out into the field against Israel: and the battle was in the forest of Ephraim.
Commentary, v. 6 (in Russian)
. Под лесом Ефремовым некоторые (Hugo Grotius и др. ) разумеют то место восточного Заиорданья, где некогда судия Иеффай поразил ефремлян (Суд XII).
7The people of Israel were struck there before the servants of David, and there was a great slaughter there that day of twenty thousand men.
8For the battle was there spread over the surface of all the country; and the forest devoured more people that day than the sword devoured.
Commentary, v. 8 (in Russian)
. И лес погубил народа больше, чем сколько истребил меч, в тот день. Разбитое войско Авессалома бросилось было искать себе защиты в лесу, но здесь было или встречено засадой, или просто рассеяно и истребляемо порознь.
9Absalom happened to meet the servants of David. Absalom was riding on his mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak, and his head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between the sky and earth; and the mule that was under him went on.
10A certain man saw it, and told Joab, and said, "Behold, I saw Absalom hanging in an oak."
11Joab said to the man who told him, "Behold, you saw it, and why did you not strike him there to the ground? I would have given you ten pieces of silver, and a sash."
12The man said to Joab, "Though I should receive a thousand pieces of silver in my hand, I still wouldn't put forth my hand against the king's son; for in our hearing the king commanded you and Abishai and Ittai, saying, 'Beware that none touch the young man Absalom.'
13Otherwise if I had dealt falsely against his life (and there is no matter hidden from the king), then you yourself would have set yourself against me."
14Then Joab said, "I'm not going to wait like this with you." He took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom, while he was yet alive in the midst of the oak.
15Ten young men who bore Joab's armor surrounded and struck Absalom, and killed him.
16Joab blew the trumpet, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel; for Joab held back the people.
17They took Absalom, and cast him into the great pit in the forest, and raised over him a very great heap of stones. Then all Israel fled everyone to his tent.
Commentary, v. 17 (in Russian)
. Все израильтяне, составлявшие войско Авессалома.
18Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself the pillar, which is in the king's dale; for he said, "I have no son to keep my name in memory." He called the pillar after his own name; and it is called Absalom's monument, to this day.
Commentary, v. 18 (in Russian)
. В окрестностях Иерусалима, в долине Иосафата, и по сие время существует памятник, носящий название Гробницы Авессалома. По свидетельству ученых, еврейские раввины с древних времен приказывали родителям непослушных детей водить последних в долину Иосафата, к Гробнице Авессалома, и, рассказав им историю непокорного сына Давидова, заставлять их бросать в памятник камни (Гейки, "Святая земля и Библия").
На вопрос о том, почему, заметив выше (XIV:27), что Авессалом имел трех сыновей и одну дочь, писатель сообщает теперь, что Авессалом поставил себе памятник во увековечение вследствие отсутствия у него сыновей, блаж. Феодорит отвечает: "Справедливо то и другое, ибо вероятно как то, что он рождал детей, так и то, что дети его умирали. Иосиф же (Флавий) замечает, что Авессалом сделал это потому, что дети не могли жить долго; здание же могло долее сохранить память о нем" (Блаж. Феод., толк. 2 Цар, вопр. 34).
19Then Ahimaaz the son of Zadok said, "Let me now run, and bear the king news, how that the Lord has avenged him of his enemies."
20Joab said to him, "You shall not be the bearer of news this day, but you shall bear news another day. But today you shall bear no news, because the king's son is dead."
21Then Joab said to the Cushite, "Go, tell the king what you have seen!" The Cushite bowed himself to Joab, and ran.
Commentary, v. 21 (in Russian)
. Имеется в виду не советник царя Xусий (XV:32-37; XVII:5-16), а некто иной. По мнению Властова ("Священная летопись", т. IV), вместо "Xусий" следует в данном случае читать "Xушит" или "Кушит", т. е. поселенец, раб или наемник еврейский "из ефиоплян".
22Then Ahimaaz the son of Zadok said yet again to Joab, "But come what may, please let me also run after the Cushite." Joab said, "Why do you want to run, my son, since that you will have no reward for the news?"
23"But come what may," he said, "I will run." He said to him, "Run!" Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the Plain, and outran the Cushite.
24Now David was sitting between the two gates: and the watchman went up to the roof of the gate to the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, a man running alone.
Commentary, v. 24 (in Russian)
. Между двумя воротами городской стены - внешними и внутренними.
25The watchman cried, and told the king. The king said, "If he is alone, there is news in his mouth." He came closer and closer.
Commentary, v. 25 (in Russian)
. Если один, то весть в устах его, т. е. если идет один, то это, по всей вероятности, вестник о благополучном ходе военных действий, так как пораженные в бою не идут, а бегут, и притом целыми группами.
26The watchman saw another man running; and the watchman called to the porter, and said, "Behold, a man running alone!" The king said, "He also brings news."
27The watchman said, "I think the running of the first one is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok." The king said, "He is a good man, and comes with good news."
28Ahimaaz called, and said to the king, "All is well." He bowed himself before the king with his face to the earth, and said, "Blessed is the Lord your God, who has delivered up the men who lifted up their hand against my lord the king!"
29The king said, "Is it well with the young man Absalom?" Ahimaaz answered, "When Joab sent the king's servant, even me your servant, I saw a great tumult, but I do not know what it was."
Commentary, v. 29 (in Russian)
. Желая порадовать царя приятной вестью о победе его войска, Ахимаас не решался сообщить отцу о гибели сына.
30The king said, "Turn aside, and stand here." He turned aside, and stood still.
31Behold, the Cushite came. The Cushite said, "News for my lord the king; for the Lord has avenged you this day of all those who rose up against you."
32The king said to the Cushite, "Is it well with the young man Absalom?" The Cushite answered, "May the enemies of my lord the king, and all who rise up against you to do you harm, be as that young man is."
33The king was much moved, and went up to the room over the gate, and wept. As he went, he said, "My son Absalom! My son, my son Absalom! I wish I had died for you, Absalom, my son, my son!"
Text: New Heart English Bible. Commentary: The Explanatory Bible, ed. A. P. Lopukhin (in Russian).
Поражение и гибель Авессалома.