2 SamuelChapter 20
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Commentary on the chapter (in Russian)
1There happened to be there a base fellow, whose name was Sheba, the son of Bichri, a Benjamite: and he blew the trumpet, and said, "We have no portion in David, neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse. Every man to his tents, Israel!"
2So all the men of Israel went up from following David, and followed Sheba the son of Bichri; but the men of Judah joined with their king, from the Jordan even to Jerusalem.
3David came to his house at Jerusalem; and the king took the ten women his concubines, whom he had left to keep the house, and put them in custody, and provided them with sustenance, but did not go in to them. So they were shut up to the day of their death, living in widowhood.
Commentary, v. 3 (in Russian)
. См. XVI:20-22. Давид постыдным и "законопреступным почитал иметь общение с ними после гнусного общения их с сыном; не сочетал же их ни с кем другим, дабы это не послужило предлогом к похищению верховной власти" (блаж. Феодорит, толк. на 2 Цар, вопр. 38), так как по восточным взглядам того времени обладание женой или наложницей царя означало уже некоторое фактическое вступление в права самого цаpя.
4Then the king said to Amasa, "Call me the men of Judah together within three days, and be here present."
5So Amasa went to call the men of Judah together; but he stayed longer than the set time which he had appointed him.
6David said to Abishai, "Now Sheba the son of Bichri will do us more harm than Absalom did. Take your lord's servants, and pursue after him, lest he get himself fortified cities, and escape out of our sight."
7There went out after him Joab's men, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites, and all the mighty men; and they went out of Jerusalem, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri.
Commentary, vv. 4–7 (in Russian)
. "Давид дал поручение Амессаю созвать ополчение в три дня для подавления мятежа, и этим фактически поставил Амессая главнокомандующим вместо Иоава (XIX:13). Но Амессай оказался ниже положения, в которое был поставлен.
По отсутствию ли распорядительности и энергии, или по холодному приему, сделанному ему народом, как человеку менее авторитетному, чем Иоав, но он не мог выполнить поручения в назначенное время. Между тем медлить было невозможно. И Давид поневоле должен был обратиться к брату Иоава Авессе, чтобы послать его с наличными военными силами за Савеем". К преследующим Савея самовольно примкнул и Иоав. Впрочем Иоав не столько думал об уничтожении мятежа Савея, сколько об устранении из списка живых своего нового соперника при Давиде - Амессая (Я. Богородский, "Еврейские цари", с. 244).
8When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa came to meet them. Joab was clothed in his apparel of war that he had put on, and on it was a sash with a sword fastened on his waist in its sheath; and as he went forth it fell out.
9Joab said to Amasa, "Is it well with you, my brother?" Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him.
10But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand. So he struck him with it in the body, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and did not strike him again; and he died. Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri.
11There stood by him one of Joab's young men, and said, "He who favors Joab, and he who is for David, let him follow Joab!"
12Amasa lay wallowing in his blood in the midst of the highway. When the man saw that all the people stood still, he carried Amasa out of the highway into the field, and cast a garment over him, when he saw that everyone who came by him stood still.
13When he was removed out of the highway, all the people went on after Joab, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri.
14He went through all the tribes of Israel to Abel, and to Beth Maacah, and all the Berites: and they were gathered together, and went also after him.
Commentary, v. 14 (in Russian)
. Авел-Беф-Мааха - город в северных пределах Палестины, вблизи горы Большой Ермон.
15They came and besieged him in Abel of Beth Maacah, and they cast up a mound against the city, and it stood against the rampart; and all the people who were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down.
16Then a wise woman cried out of the city, "Hear, hear! Please say to Joab, 'Come near here, that I may speak with you.'"
17He came near to her; and the woman said, "Are you Joab?" He answered, "I am." Then she said to him, "Hear the words of your handmaid." He answered, "I do hear."
18Then she spoke, saying, "They were used to say in old times, 'They shall surely ask counsel at Abel;' and so they settled it.
19I am among those who are peaceable and faithful in Israel. You seek to destroy a city and a mother in Israel. Why will you swallow up the inheritance of the Lord?"
Commentary, v. 19 (in Russian)
. Мать городов в Израиле. См. ст. 18.
20Joab answered, "Far be it, far be it from me, that I should swallow up or destroy.
21The matter is not so. But a man of the hill country of Ephraim, Sheba the son of Bichri by name, has lifted up his hand against the king, even against David. Deliver him only, and I will depart from the city." The woman said to Joab, "Behold, his head shall be thrown to you over the wall."
22Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom. They cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and threw it out to Joab. He blew the trumpet, and they were dispersed from the city, every man to his tent. Joab returned to Jerusalem to the king.
23Now Joab was over all the army of Israel; and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites;
Commentary, v. 23 (in Russian)
. И был Иоав поставлен над всем войском Израильским. "Давид не повторил более попытки лишить его поста главнокомандующего, потому что он был и незаменим, и защищал этот пост с таким демоническим упорством, что лучше было уступить во избежание нового пролития крови" (Я. Богородский, "Еврейские цари", с. 246).
О хелефеях и фелефеях см. прим. к VIII:18.
24and Adoram was over the men subject to forced labor; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder;
Commentary, v. 24 (in Russian)
. Иосафат - дееписателем. См. VIII:16.
25and Sheva was scribe; and Zadok and Abiathar were priests;
Commentary, v. 25 (in Russian)
. См. VIII:17.
26and also Ira the Jairite was chief minister to David.
Commentary, v. 26 (in Russian)
. Выражение Иаритянин некоторые понимают в смысле "из селений Иаира", сына Манассии, лежавших в восточном Заиорданье (см. "Опыт Библейского Словаря собственных имен" протопопа Солярского). - Был священником у Давида, т. е. лицом, через посредство которого престарелый царь совершал многие из своих, религиозных обязанностей при скинии и вне скинии (Блаж. Феодорит, Calmet и др. ).
Text: New Heart English Bible. Commentary: The Explanatory Bible, ed. A. P. Lopukhin (in Russian).
Возмущение Савея.