NumbersChapter 27
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Commentary on the chapter (in Russian)
1Then drew near the daughters of Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, of the families of Manasseh the son of Joseph; and these are the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, and Hoglah, and Milcah, and Tirzah.
2They stood before Moses, and before Eleazar the priest, and before the princes and all the congregation, at the door of the Tent of Meeting, saying,
3"Our father died in the wilderness, and he was not among the company of those who gathered themselves together against the Lord in the company of Korah: but he died in his own sin; and he had no sons.
Commentary, v. 3 (in Russian)
«Но за свой грех», общий старому поколению, «умер» в пустыне (Чис XIV:21–23, 26–38).
4Why should the name of our father be taken away from among his family, because he had no son? Give to us a possession among the brothers of our father."
5Moses brought their cause before the Lord.
6The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
7"The daughters of Zelophehad speak right: you shall surely give them a possession of an inheritance among their father's brothers; and you shall cause the inheritance of their father to pass to them.
8You shall speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'If a man dies, and has no son, then you shall cause his inheritance to pass to his daughter.
9If he has no daughter, then you shall give his inheritance to his brothers.
10If he has no brothers, then you shall give his inheritance to his father's brothers.
11If his father has no brothers, then you shall give his inheritance to his kinsman who is next to him of his family, and he shall possess it: and it shall be to the children of Israel a statute and ordinance, as the Lord commanded Moses.'"
Commentary, vv. 5–11 (in Russian)
При разделе земли земельные участки должны быть розданы «по числу имен» лиц мужского пола и получить имена своих владельцев, чтобы под этими именами переходить из рода в род, как материальное закрепление в народе «имени» той или иной фамилии. Естественно, что при существовании подобного законодательного принципа, ближайшими наследниками владельца земельного надела являлись не кто иные, как его сыновья, носители его имени, хранители его рода.
В случае отсутствия сыновей или неспособности последних быть продолжателями своего рода, земельное наследство могло переходить к дочери, — но с тем непременным условием, что в случае выхода замуж дети ее были продолжателями рода и носителями имени своего деда по матери.
При отсутствии дочерей, наследником земельного участка является ближайший родственник умершего.
12The Lord said to Moses, "Go up into this mountain of Abarim, and see the land which I have given to the children of Israel.
Commentary, v. 12 (in Russian)
Нево (или Невав) — одна из возвышенностей горного хребта Аварим.
13When you have seen it, you also shall be gathered to your people, as Aaron your brother was gathered;
14because you rebelled against my word in the wilderness of Zin, in the strife of the congregation, to sanctify me at the waters before their eyes." (These are the waters of Meribah of Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin.)
15Moses spoke to the Lord, saying,
16"Let the Lord, the God of the spirits of all flesh, appoint a man over the congregation,
17who may go out before them, and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in; that the congregation of the Lord not be as sheep which have no shepherd."
Commentary, vv. 15–17 (in Russian)
Предметом попечения всей жизни Моисея был народ израильский. В трудные минуты гнева Божия на согрешивших вождь готов был принять на себя лично всю тяжесть карающей правды, дабы сохранить жизнь и благополучие своему мучителю. И теперь, узнав о приближающемся дне своей смерти, Моисей прежде всего волнуется заботой о том, «чтобы не осталось общество Господне как овцы, у которых нет пастыря».
18The Lord said to Moses, "Take Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him;
Commentary, v. 18 (in Russian)
«Возложение руки» — видимый знак сообщения прав и полномочий.
19and set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation; and commission him in their sight.
Commentary, v. 19 (in Russian)
Поставление пред народом и наставление — акт обнародования преемства и вместе акт общественного признания преемника.
20You shall put of your honor on him, that all the congregation of the children of Israel may obey.
Commentary, v. 20 (in Russian)
Имеется в виду допущение И. Навина к осуществлению некоторых своих прав еще при жизни Моисея.
21He shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who shall inquire for him by the judgment of the Urim before the Lord: at his word shall they go out, and at his word they shall come in, both he, and all the children of Israel with him, even all the congregation."
Commentary, v. 21 (in Russian)
Никто из избранных ветхозаветных мужей не удостоился иметь такое близкое общение с Божеством, какое имел Моисей (Чис XII:6–8). Преемник Моисея будет вопрошать Господа посредством таинственного урим и туммим, находившегося на наперснике первосвященника (Исх XXVIII:30).
22Moses did as the Lord commanded him; and he took Joshua, and set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation:
23and he laid his hands on him, and commissioned him, as the Lord spoke by Moses.
Commentary, v. 23 (in Russian)
Окончательная, всенародная, передача И. Навину прав еврейского вождя произошла позднее (Втор XXXI:23).
Text: New Heart English Bible. Commentary: The Explanatory Bible, ed. A. P. Lopukhin (in Russian). The numbering of the commentary in this book is still being checked: some comments may sit next to a neighbouring verse.
Закон о наследовании земельного надела. — Откровение Моисею о приближении его смерти. — Повеление Божие о преемнике Моисея.