1 ChroniclesChapter 27

Commentary on the chapter (in Russian)

1–15. Устройство армии: разделение ее на двенадцать частей. 16–24. Вожди двенадцати колен. 25–31. Двенадцать управляющих имением и разными отраслями царского хозяйства. 32–34. Ближайшие советники царя.

1Now the children of Israel after their number, the heads of fathers' households and the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and their officers who served the king, in any matter of the divisions which came in and went out month by month throughout all the months of the year-of every division were twenty-four thousand.

Commentary, v. 1 (in Russian)

. Устройство богослужения сопровождается в последние годы правления Давида созданием и организацией постоянной армии. В этих целях она разделяется на 12 частей, по 24 000 воинов в каждой. Каждая часть подчиняется особому начальнику, избираемому при Давиде из его ближайших сподвижников по войнам, и вместе с ним является на месяц в Иерусалим для несения службы.

2Over the first division for the first month was Jashobeam the son of Zabdiel: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

3He was of the children of Perez, the chief of all the captains of the army for the first month.

Commentary, vv. 2–3 (in Russian)

. Иашовам — тоже, что Иесваал XI:11, происходивший из знатной иудейской фамилии Фареса, к которой принадлежал и сам Давид (II:4 и д.).

4Over the division of the second month was Dodai the Ahohite, and his division; and Mikloth the ruler: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

Commentary, v. 4 (in Russian)

. Додай — отец Елеазара, одного из трех выдающихся сподвижников Давида (XI:12; 2 Цар XXIII:9). Имя Миклоф встречается в VIII:32 и IX:37, как имя одного вениамитянина. Он или кто-нибудь другой разумеется в настоящем случае, сказать трудно.

5The third captain of the army for the third month was Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada the priest, chief: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

6This is that Benaiah, who was the mighty man of the thirty, and over the thirty: and of his division was Ammizabad his son.

Commentary, vv. 5–6 (in Russian)

. Ср. XI:25; 2 Цар XXIII:23.

7The fourth captain for the fourth month was Asahel the brother of Joab, and Zebadiah his son after him: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

Commentary, v. 7 (in Russian)

. Выражение «и по нем (Азаиле) Завадия, сын его», указывает на раннюю смерть Азаила, убитого Авениром (2 Цар II:18–23).

8The fifth captain for this fifth month was Shamhuth the Izrahite: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

9The sixth captain for the sixth month was Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

10The seventh captain for the seventh month was Helez the Pelonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

11The eighth captain for the eighth month was Sibbecai the Hushathite, of the Zerahites: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

12The ninth captain for the ninth month was Abiezer the Anathothite, of the Benjamites: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

13The tenth captain for the tenth month was Maharai the Netophathite, of the Zerahites: and in his division were Twenty-four thousand.

14The eleventh captain for the eleventh month was Benaiah the Pirathonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

15The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.

16Furthermore over the tribes of Israel: of the Reubenites was Eliezer the son of Zichri the ruler: of the Simeonites, Shephatiah the son of Maacah:

Commentary, vv. 8–16 (in Russian)

. Cp. XI:27–31.

17of Levi, Hashabiah the son of Kemuel: of Aaron, Zadok:

18of Judah, Elihu, one of the brothers of David: of Issachar, Omri the son of Michael:

Commentary, v. 18 (in Russian)

. Вместо «Елий» LXX читают «Елиав», разумея старшего брата Давида. Предоставление ему власти начальника в колене Иудовом вполне понятно.

19of Zebulun, Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah: of Naphtali, Jeremoth the son of Azriel:

20of the children of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Azaziah: of the half-tribe of Manasseh, Joel the son of Pedaiah:

21of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, Iddo the son of Zechariah: of Benjamin, Jaasiel the son of Abner:

22of Dan, Azarel the son of Jeroham. These were the captains of the tribes of Israel.

23But David did not take the number of them from twenty years old and under, because the Lord had said he would increase Israel like the stars of the sky.

Commentary, v. 23 (in Russian)

. Для Давида было важно исчисление способных к войне; но таковыми были лица старше двадцати лет; поэтому имевшие меньше лет не вошли в перепись.

24Joab the son of Zeruiah began to number, but did not finish; and there came wrath for this on Israel; neither was the number put into the account in the chronicles of king David.

Commentary, vv. 16–24 (in Russian)

. Назначение левитов в качестве судей (XXVI:29 и д.) служило в руках Давида средством к централизации власти. Но чтобы эта мера не показалась коленям тяжелой, нарушающей племенное устройство народа израильского, Давид оставляет за ними некоторое самоуправление: каждое колено имеет, как и при Моисее (Чис II:3 и д.), своего непосредственного начальника.

Commentary, v. 24 (in Russian)

. Ср. XXI:6.

25Over the king's treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and over the treasures in the fields, in the cities, and in the villages, and in the towers, was Jonathan the son of Uzziah:

26Over those who did the work of the field for tillage of the ground was Ezri the son of Chelub:

27and over the vineyards was Shimei the Ramathite: and over the increase of the vineyards for the winecellars was Zabdi the Shiphmite:

28and over the olive trees and the sycamore trees that were in the lowland was Baal Hanan the Gederite: and over the cellars of oil was Joash:

29and over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai:

30and over the camels was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the donkeys was Jehdeiah the Meronothite: and over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagrite.

31All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David's.

32Also Jonathan, David's uncle, was a counselor, a man of understanding, and a scribe: and Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king's sons:

33Ahithophel was the king's counselor: and Hushai the Archite was the king's friend:

34and after Ahithophel was Jehoiada the son of Benaiah, and Abiathar: and the captain of the king's army was Joab.

Commentary, vv. 32–34 (in Russian)

. В 1 Пар XVIII:15–17, 2 Цар VIII:15–18 и XX:23–26 в качестве первых сановников Давида названы, кроме Иоава, другие лица. Подобное различие объясняется тем, что в настоящем случае указаны не сановники Давида вообще, а близкие к нему лица, его советники, как бы входящие в состав его семьи. По крайней мере, Ионафан — его дядя (по 1 Пар XX:7 — племянник), Иехиил — воспитатель его детей, Ахитофел, не менее Xусия, — близкий друг царя: «человек мира моего,… яды й хле бы моя», как выражается о нем сам Давид (Пс 40, ст. 10). Отношениями этих лиц к Давиду в достаточной мере объясняется тот факт, что они исчисляются после тех, кто исполнял не общегосударственные обязанности, а служил самому царю.

Text: New Heart English Bible. Commentary: The Explanatory Bible, ed. A. P. Lopukhin (in Russian). The numbering of the commentary in this book is still being checked: some comments may sit next to a neighbouring verse.