DeuteronomyChapter 33
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Commentary on the chapter (in Russian)
1This is the blessing, with which Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel before his death.
2He said, "The Lord came from Sinai, And rose from Seir to them. He shone forth from Mount Paran. He came from the ten thousands of holy ones. At his right hand was a fiery law for them.
Commentary, v. 2 (in Russian)
Имеются в виду моменты чудесного проявления всемогущества, премудрости и благости божественной во время путешествия евреев из Египта в Ханаан.
3Yes, he loves the people. All his saints are in your hand. They sat down at your feet; each receives your words.
Commentary, v. 3 (in Russian)
Ср. Исх ХIX:5–8.
4Moses commanded us a law, An inheritance for the assembly of Jacob.
5He was king in Jeshurun, When the heads of the people were gathered, All the tribes of Israel together.
Commentary, v. 5 (in Russian)
«И он (Моисей) был (как бы) царь Израиля, когда (вокруг него) собирались главы народа вместе с коленами Израилевыми».
6"Let Reuben live, and not die; Nor let his men be few."
Commentary, v. 6 (in Russian)
В еврейском тексте имя Симеона опущено. «Симеон не благословлен, — замечает св. Ефрем Сирин, — потому что был проклят отцом своим Иаковом за избиение сихемлян и, вместо того, чтобы покаяться в первом своем преступлении, приложил к сему новое преступление в лице Замврия, сына Салмона, подвергнув истреблению двадцать четыре тысячи (Чис XXV:9), которые, — за грехи его, — поражены были язвою. Левий же, хотя и был проклят вместе с Симеоном, но приял благословение от Моисея, во-первых, за ревность левитов, которые поразили поклонившихся тельцу; во-вторых, за ревность левита Финееса, с какою он устремился на Замврия, сына Салмона, и убил его» (Толк. на кн. Втор., гл. XXXIII); наконец, в силу богоизбранности колена Левия для служения при скинии Иеговы. В греческом тексте перевода LХХ имя Симеона не опущено.
7This is for Judah. He said, "Hear, Lord, the voice of Judah. Bring him in to his people. With his hands he contended for himself. You shall be a help against his adversaries."
Commentary, v. 7 (in Russian)
«Приведи его к народу его», как вождя и защитника, огражденного помощью свыше.
8Of Levi he said, "Your Thummim and your Urim are with your godly one, whom you proved at Massah, with whom you strove at the waters of Meribah;
Commentary, v. 8 (in Russian)
«На святом муже Твоем (Аароне), которого Ты искусил (вместе с Моисеем) в Массе (Исх ХVII:1–7), с которым Ты препирался при водах Меривы» (Чис ХX:1–13, 22–24).
9who said of his father, and of his mother, 'I have not seen him;' Neither did he acknowledge his brothers, Nor did he know his own children: For they have observed your word, and keep your covenant.
10They shall teach Jacob your ordinances, and Israel your law. They shall put incense before you, and whole burnt offering on your altar.
Commentary, vv. 9–10 (in Russian)
Имеется в виду самоотверженное служение левитов при скинии Иеговы и в народе.
11The Lord, bless his substance. Accept the work of his hands. Strike through the hips of those who rise up against him, of those who hate him, that they not rise again."
12Of Benjamin he said, "The beloved of the Lord shall dwell in safety by him. He covers him all the day long. He dwells between his shoulders."
Commentary, v. 12 (in Russian)
В выражении «и Он покоится между раменами его» некоторые комментаторы видят предуказание на храм Иерусалимский, построенный в уделе Вениамина, на горе Мориа, между вершинами Сиона и Масличной горы.
13Of Joseph he said, "His land is blessed by the Lord, for the precious things of the heavens, for the dew, for the deep that couches beneath,
14for the precious things of the fruits of the sun, for the precious things of the growth of the moons,
15for the chief things of the ancient mountains, for the precious things of the everlasting hills,
16for the precious things of the earth and its fullness, the good will of him who lived in the bush. Let this come on the head of Joseph, on the crown of the head of him who was separate from his brothers.
17The firstborn of his herd, majesty is his. His horns are the horns of the wild ox. With them he shall push all of the peoples, to the ends of the earth: They are the ten thousands of Ephraim. They are the thousands of Manasseh."
18Of Zebulun he said, "Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out; and Issachar, in your tents.
19They shall call the peoples to the mountain. There they will offer sacrifices of righteousness, for they shall draw out the abundance of the seas, the hidden treasures of the sand."
Commentary, v. 19 (in Russian)
Под «сокровищами, сокрытыми в песке», разумеют: 1) богатство, добываемое путем земледелия; 2) богатство, добываемое путем изготовления стекла, известного с глубочайшей древности в Египте, Финикии и др. странах; 3) богатство, добываемое путем торговли пурпуровыми раковинами, встречавшимися на финикийском побережье.
20Of Gad he said, "He who enlarges Gad is blessed. He dwells as a lioness, and tears the arm, yes, the crown of the head.
21He provided the first part for himself, for there was the lawgiver's portion reserved. He came with the heads of the people. He executed the righteousness of the Lord, His ordinances with Israel."
Commentary, v. 21 (in Russian)
Гад «избрал себе начаток земли», т. е. (вместе с Рувимом и полуколеном Манассии) получил прежде других колен причитавшийся ему надел земли (в пределах первых завоеваний Израиля). «Там (в Восточном Заиорданье) почтен уделом от законодателя».
«И пришел с главами народа, и исполнил правду Господа и суды с Израилем», т. е. исполнил все то, что было предъявлено ему как непременное условие при даровании земельного надела (Чис XXXII; Втор III:12–20; Нав IV:12; XXII:1–9).
22Of Dan he said, "Dan is a lion's cub that leaps out of Bashan."
Commentary, v. 22 (in Russian)
Сравнение, выражающее силу и отвагу данитян.
23Of Naphtali he said, "Naphtali, satisfied with favor, full of the blessing of the Lord, Possess the west and the south."
Commentary, v. 23 (in Russian)
«Море и юг во владении его». Под именем моря нужно разуметь море Киннерет, т. е. Гениссаретское озеро. В слове «юг» многие из комментаторов видят указание на роскошный южный климат и богатую растительность окрестностей Гениссаретского озера.
24Of Asher he said, "Asher is blessed with children. Let him be acceptable to his brothers. Let him dip his foot in oil.
25Your bars shall be iron and brass. As your days, so your strength will be.
Commentary, vv. 24–25 (in Russian)
«Окунет в елей ногу свою; железо и медь — запоры твои» Образное указание на материальное благоденствие Асира: «богатство его будет умножаться с каждым днем».
26"There is none like God, Jeshurun, who rides on the heavens for your help, In his majesty through the skies.
27The eternal God is your dwelling place. Underneath are the everlasting arms. He thrust out the enemy from before you, and said, 'Destroy!'
28Israel dwells in safety; the fountain of Jacob alone, In a land of grain and new wine. Yes, his heavens drop down dew.
Commentary, v. 28 (in Russian)
Ср. Чис XXIII:9. «Израиль живет безопасно, один», находясь «под мышцами» божественного Промысла (ст. 27, 29).
29You are happy, Israel. Who is like you, a people saved by the Lord, the shield of your help, the sword of your excellency! Your enemies shall submit themselves to you. You shall tread on their high places."
Text: New Heart English Bible. Commentary: The Explanatory Bible, ed. A. P. Lopukhin (in Russian).
Благословение Моисея израильскому народу.