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JudgesChapter 18

Commentary on the chapter (in Russian)

1-2. Искание данитянами себе дела. 3-6. Их встреча с левитом в доме Михи и вопрошение Господа. 7-12. Посещение ими г. Лаиса и свидетельство о нем соплеменникам. 13-26. Посещение отрядом данитян дома Михи, похищение бывших здесь предметов культа и увод левита. 27-29. Завоевание данитянами Лаиса и поставление здесь предметов культа из дома Михи. 30-31. Культ данитян.

1In those days there was no king in Israel. And in those days the tribe of the Danites was looking for an inheritance to dwell in; for to that day, their inheritance had not fallen to them among the tribes of Israel.

2The children of Dan sent of their family five men from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said to them, "Go, explore the land!" They came to the hill country of Ephraim, to the house of Micah, and stayed there.

Commentary, vv. 1–2 (in Russian)

. Из назначенного колену Данову удела его вытеснили аморреи (Суд I:34), а посему данитяне вынуждены были искать себе удела где-либо в другом месте обетованной земли. Отправленное ими из Цоры (Сар'ы) и Ештаола (Ашу'а) (ср. Суд XIII:25), посольство, направляясь к северу и следуя через удел колена Ефремова, достигло дома Михи, и остановилось здесь на ночлег.

3When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite; and they turned in that direction, and said to him, "Who brought you here? What are you doing in this place? And what is your business here?"

4He said to them, "Thus and so has Micah dealt with me, and he has hired me, and I have become his priest."

5They said to him, "Please ask counsel of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous."

6The priest said to them, "Go in peace. The Lord will watch over you on your journey."

Commentary, vv. 3–6 (in Russian)

. Признав по выговору в находящемся в доме Михи юноше с произношением (ср. Суд XII:6), отличным от ефремлян, левита и узнав от него о положении его здесь на правах священника, послы данитян просили его вопросить Бога об успехе их путешествия, что тот и исполнил.

7Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people who were there, and how they lived in security, after the manner of the Sidonians, quiet and secure; for there was no one in the land possessing authority that might trouble them in anyway, and they were far from the Sidonians, and had no dealings with anyone.

8They came to their brothers to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brothers said to them, "What do you say?"

9They said, "Arise, and let us go up against them; for we have seen the land, and behold, it is very good. Will you do nothing? Do not hesitate to go and to enter in to possess the land.

10When you go, you shall come to a secure people, and the land is large; for God has given it into your hand, a place where there is no want of anything that is on the earth."

11Then the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men armed with weapons of war, set forth from there.

12They went up, and encamped in Kiriath Jearim, in Judah. Therefore they called that place Mahaneh Dan to this day; behold, it is behind Kiriath Jearim.

Commentary, vv. 7–12 (in Russian)

. После ответа левита послы данитян отправились на север обетованной земли, достигли города Лаиса, называвшегося при Иисусе Навине Лешем (Нав XIX:47), и увидели беспечный и беспорядочный oбраз жизни жителей города, а вместе с тем удаленность их от Сидона (Финикии) под протекторатом которого они находились. Лаис-Дан, находившийся на месте Телль-эль-Кади близ Панеады, отделен от Сидона глубоким обрывом Нар-эль-Литани, от Дамаска - Ермоном, от Сирии - долиной Бик'а (Келесирией). Возвратившись из Лаиса, послы данитян сообщили своим соплеменникам как о характере жителей этого города, так и о характере самой земли, после чего данитяне, в числе 600 человек, вооруженные выступили из Цоры и Ештаола и направились на север, расположившись станом прежде Кариаф-Иакрима (Нав XVIII:14-15).

13They passed there to the hill country of Ephraim, and came to the house of Micah.

14Then the five men who went to spy out the country of Laish answered, and said to their brothers, "Do you know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and an engraved image, and a molten image? Now therefore consider what you have to do."

15They turned aside there, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even to the house of Micah, and asked him of his welfare.

16The six hundred men armed with their weapons of war, who were of the children of Dan, stood by the entrance of the gate.

17The five men who went to spy out the land went up, and came in there, and took the engraved image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood by the entrance of the gate with the six hundred men armed with weapons of war.

18When these went into Micah's house, and took the engraved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image, the priest said to them, "What are you doing?"

19They said to him, "Hold your peace, lay your hand on your mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest. Is it better for you to be priest to the house of one man, or to be priest to a tribe and a family in Israel?"

20The priest's heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the engraved image, and went in the midst of the people.

21So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the livestock and the goods before them.

22When they were some distance from the house of Micah, the men who were in the houses near to Micah's house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan.

23They cried to the children of Dan. They turned their faces, and said to Micah, "What's wrong with you, that you come with such a company?"

24He said, "You have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and have gone away, and what more do I have? How then do you say to me, 'What's wrong with you?'"

25The children of Dan said to him, "Do not let your voice be heard among us, or angry men will attack you, and you lose your life, with the lives of your household."

26The children of Dan went their way; and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back to his house.

Commentary, vv. 13–26 (in Russian)

. Следуя по тому же пути, по которому раньше шли их послы, данитяне достигли дома Михи и, узнав от послов о находящихся здесь предметах культа и левите, отправили туда несколько человек, которые зашли в дом, взяли находившиеся здесь предметы культа и уговорили левита идти с собой.

27They took that which Micah had made, and the priest whom he had, and came to Laish, to a people quiet and secure, and struck them with the edge of the sword; and they burnt the city with fire.

28There was no deliverer, because it was far from Sidon, and they had no dealings with anyone, and it was in the valley that lies by Beth Rehob. They built the city, and lived there.

29They called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born to Israel. However the name of the city was originally Laish.

Commentary, vv. 27–29 (in Russian)

. Достигнув Лаиша, данитяне перебили жителей города и сожгли самый город, расположенный при входа в долину Бет-Рехов (Келесирию). Местечко Бет-Рехов, именем которого называлась долина, полагают в Xиббарийе.

30The children of Dan set up for themselves the engraved image. And Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, and his sons were priests to the tribe of the Danites until the day of the exile from the land.

31So they set up for themselves Micah's engraved image which he made, all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh.

Commentary, vv. 30–31 (in Russian)

. Выстроив город и назвав его Даном, данитяне поставили в нем взятые ими предметы культа. Уведенный ими левит, именем Ионафан, внук Манассии (или Моисея, ср. Баба батра, 109, вопр., jer Берахот 10, 2), а также сыновья Ионафана были у данитян священниками. Таким образом, у данитян образовался самостоятельный культ, отличный от законного богослужения в Силоме. Это культ существовал до времени пленения Ковчега Завета Господня филистимлянами (1 Цар IV:22) во все время пребывания скинии Моисеевой в Силоме (ср. 1 Цар I:3 и д. ) (ср. введение, о происхождении книги Судей, в. )

Text: New Heart English Bible. Commentary: The Explanatory Bible, ed. A. P. Lopukhin (in Russian).