ProverbsChapter 26
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Commentary on the chapter (in Russian)
1Like snow in summer, and as rain in harvest, so honor is not fitting for a fool.
2Like a fluttering sparrow, like a darting swallow, so the undeserved curse doesn't come to rest.
3A whip is for the horse, a bridle for the donkey, and a rod for the back of fools!
4Do not answer a fool according to his folly, lest you also be like him.
5Answer a fool according to his folly, lest he be wise in his own eyes.
6One who sends a message by the hand of a fool is cutting off feet and drinking violence.
7Like the legs of the lame that hang loose: so is a parable in the mouth of fools.
8As one who binds a stone in a sling, so is he who gives honor to a fool.
9Like a thornbush that goes into the hand of a drunkard, so is a parable in the mouth of fools.
10As an archer who wounds all, so is he who hires a fool or he who hires those who pass by.
11As a dog that returns to his vomit, so is a fool who repeats his folly.
12Do you see a man wise in his own eyes? There is more hope for a fool than for him.
Commentary, vv. 1–12 (in Russian)
. Неестественность снега летом и дождя во время жатвы (в Палестине) берется (ст. 1) образом непристойности и как бы неестественности почета и славы для глупца. Затем образно представлены - бессилие клятвы или проклятия, изрекаемого глупцом (ст. 2), а также - необходимость физического воздействия для его вразумления (ст. 3). В ст. 4-5 раввины усматривали прямое противоречие, но это противоречие мнимое: в ст. 4 имеется в виду один момент проявления глупости, когда всякие увещания и обличения глупцу бесполезны (ст. 4б), - в ст. 5 - предписывается разоблачать глупость, чтобы предупредить превозношение глупца мнимой мудростью; в одном случае ничтожество глупца само собой очевидно; в другом оно требует нарочитого разоблачения. Далее, глупость освещается со стороны - полного неискусства и неспособности глупого ни к какому полезному делу (ст. 6-9), - незаслуженного счастья (ст. 10), коснения в своем неразумии (ст. 11), и снова - самопревозношения и самонадеянности (ст. 12). Выражение ст. 11 приводится во 2 Пет II:22.
13The sluggard says, "There is a lion in the road! A fierce lion roams the streets!"
14As the door turns on its hinges, so does the sluggard on his bed.
15The sluggard buries his hand in the dish. He is too lazy to bring it back to his mouth.
16The sluggard is wiser in his own eyes than seven men who answer with discretion.
Commentary, vv. 13–16 (in Russian)
. В изображении здесь лености повторяются дословно черты, ранее высказанные Премудрым, см. ст. 13 и XXII:13; ст. 15 и XIX:24.
17Like one who grabs a dog's ears is one who passes by and meddles in a quarrel not his own.
18Like a madman who shoots firebrands, arrows, and death,
19is the man who deceives his neighbor and says, "Am I not joking?"
Commentary, vv. 17–19 (in Russian)
. В ст. 18 образно - посредством сравнения - высказывается мысль о крайнем вреде неуместных шуток и забав.
20For lack of wood a fire goes out. Without gossip, a quarrel dies down.
21As coals are to hot embers, and wood to fire, so is a contentious man to kindling strife.
22The words of a whisperer are as dainty morsels, they go down into the innermost parts.
23Like silver dross on an earthen vessel are the lips of a fervent one with an evil heart.
24A malicious man disguises himself with his lips, but he harbors evil in his heart.
25When his speech is charming, do not believe him; for there are seven abominations in his heart.
26His malice may be concealed by deception, but his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly.
27Whoever digs a pit shall fall into it. Whoever rolls a stone, it will come back on him.
28A lying tongue hates those it hurts; and a flattering mouth works ruin.
Commentary, vv. 20–28 (in Russian)
. В образной и прямой речи (ст. 20-21) высказывается вред раздоров и ссор. Ст. 24-25 - предостережение против опасности со стороны лицемерия; в ст. 26 - мотив к воздержанию от злобы и ненависти: неминуемость открытия тайной ненависти. Ст. 26 дает обобщение предыдущих наставлений.
Text: New Heart English Bible. Commentary: The Explanatory Bible, ed. A. P. Lopukhin (in Russian).
1-12. Против безумия, его проявлений и следствий. 13-16. Против лености. 17-19. Против неумеренной шутливости 20-28. Против хитрости, лжи и коварства.